Table of Contents
Quick Answer
India's AI policy in 2026 centres on the M.A.N.A.V. framework announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the India AI Impact Summit 2026 (16-20 February 2026, New Delhi), the IndiaAI Mission (approved March 2024), the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 (DPDP Act), and MeitY advisories on generative AI.
- M.A.N.A.V. = Moral, Accountable, National Sovereignty, Accessible, Valid
- DPDP Act penalties up to INR 250 crore per incident
- Digital India Act expected 2026-2027 as comprehensive replacement for the IT Act 2000
What Is the M.A.N.A.V. Framework?
M.A.N.A.V. is India's values-based AI governance framework introduced by PM Narendra Modi at the India AI Impact Summit 2026. It complements the G20 AI Principles (New Delhi Leaders' Declaration, 2023) and UNESCO's Recommendation on the Ethics of AI (2021).
| Pillar | Meaning |
|---|---|
| M | Moral and Ethical Systems — fairness, transparency, human oversight |
| A | Accountable Governance — transparent rules, institutional oversight |
| N | National Sovereignty — data security, domestic compute, indigenous AI |
| A | Accessible and Inclusive AI — broad-based multiplier, not elite monopoly |
| V | Valid and Legitimate Systems — verifiable, lawful, transparent deployment |
Reference: Press Information Bureau, Government of India, India AI Impact Summit 2026.
Key Details / Requirements
| Instrument | Authority | Status |
|---|---|---|
| IndiaAI Mission | MeitY, INR 10,371.92 crore approved | Active (March 2024-2029) |
| DPDP Act 2023 | MeitY, Data Protection Board | Act passed; Rules notified 2025 |
| MeitY Advisory on GenAI (March 2024) | MeitY | Non-binding guidance |
| M.A.N.A.V. Framework | Government of India | Announced Feb 2026 |
| Digital India Act (draft) | MeitY | Under consultation |
| NITI Aayog Responsible AI Principles | NITI Aayog | Reference (2021) |
| RBI Guidance on AI in Banking | Reserve Bank of India | 2024 circular |
DPDP Act Penalties (Schedule of Penalties)
| Violation | Max Penalty |
|---|---|
| Failure to notify personal data breach | INR 200 crore |
| Failure to protect children's data | INR 200 crore |
| Failure of Significant Data Fiduciary duties | INR 150 crore |
| Any other violation | INR 50 crore |
| Overall cap per instance | INR 250 crore |
Real-World Examples / Case Studies
IndiaAI Compute Portal — Launched January 2025, offering subsidised GPU access (34,000+ GPUs procured) to startups, researchers, and PSUs under the IndiaAI Mission.
BharatGPT, Krutrim, Sarvam AI, Ola Krutrim — Indigenous foundation models supported under the IndiaAI Mission's "Make AI in India" pillar.
MeitY Advisory (15 March 2024) — Asked "significant" platforms to seek explicit government permission before deploying under-testing generative AI models; the advisory was updated on 15 March 2024 to exempt startups after industry feedback.
What This Means for Businesses
Every AI product targeting Indian users in 2026 must:
- Comply with DPDP Act consent, notice, and data-principal-rights obligations
- Align public messaging with M.A.N.A.V. pillars (especially transparency and explainability)
- Meet sectoral rules (RBI for fintech, IRDAI for insurance, TRAI for telecom)
- For significant platforms: handle the MeitY advisory on AI-generated content and deepfakes
- Watch the Digital India Act draft, which will introduce AI-specific obligations
Compliance Checklist
- Publish a DPDP-compliant privacy notice in English and at least one Schedule VIII language
- Implement a Consent Manager integration
- Appoint a Data Protection Officer if classified as a Significant Data Fiduciary
- Label deepfakes and AI-generated content visibly
- Map AI systems to M.A.N.A.V. pillars for internal governance
- Report data breaches to the Data Protection Board within 72 hours
- For regulated sectors: follow RBI's "Guidance Note on AI and Machine Learning" (November 2024)
Conclusion
India's AI policy in 2026 is values-first (M.A.N.A.V.), mission-driven (IndiaAI), and anchored by the DPDP Act. Companies that build transparency, explainability, and data sovereignty into their products from day one will ship faster across India's USD 17 billion AI market.
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